Explain continental drift theory.

Continental Drift Theory

Continental Drift Theory, proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, posits that continents were once part of a single landmass called Pangaea. Over millions of years, this supercontinent gradually broke apart, leading to the current configuration of continents.

Key points include:

- Fossil Evidence: Similar fossils, such as the Mesosaurus, are found on continents separated by oceans, indicating they were once connected.

- Geological Similarities: Mountain ranges, like the Appalachians in North America and the Caledonides in Scotland, show striking geological similarities, suggesting they were formed together.

- Climate Evidence: Coal deposits in cold regions and glacial deposits in warm areas support the idea of shifting landmasses.

Despite initial skepticism, the theory laid the groundwork for plate tectonics, which explains the mechanisms behind continental movement. Today, it is widely accepted, enhancing our understanding of Earth's geological history (Wegener, 1915).