What is westernisation and modernisation?

Westernisation refers to the process by which non-Western societies adopt Western culture, values, and practices. This can manifest in various domains, including:

- Language: Adoption of English or other Western languages.

- Lifestyle: Embracing Western fashion, cuisine, and entertainment.

- Governance: Implementing democratic systems and legal frameworks inspired by Western models.

Modernisation, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses the transformation of societies through industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancement. Key aspects include:

- Economic Development: Shift from agrarian economies to industrial and service-oriented economies.

- Social Change: Changes in family structures, education systems, and gender roles.

- Technological Innovation: Adoption of new technologies that enhance productivity and connectivity.

While Westernisation often accompanies modernisation, they are distinct processes. For example, Japan's Meiji Restoration (1868) illustrates rapid modernisation influenced by Westernisation, leading to significant societal transformation (Smith, 2020).